Thames Water’s £20b Debt Crisis: UK RP Legal Surprises

Thames Water’s financial woes brought important questions to the bear during this week’s Knowledge Series webinar with Glenn Zahn, market veteran and distressed debt investor, and Fox Legal Training founder Sabrina Fox. Glenn and Sabrina explored the court’s 178-page sanction decision plan and contemplated the implications for the future of distressed investing, public utilities, and regulatory oversight.  

The discussion ranged from valuation disputes to environmental concerns. Here’s a summary of the key points.  

The Situation at Thames Water  

We all know by now that Thames Water is drowning in debt—nearly £20 billion of it. The Class A creditors hold the bulk with £15.7 billion, but the smaller Class B (around £1 billion) creditors created major tension by opposing the restructuring plan. Stricter environmental and operational requirements are pushing Thames Water into deeper financial trouble, leading the company to seek relief through a Part 26A Restructuring Plan, or the UK RP, a legal tool introduced in 2020.  

The stakes were high. If the plan wasn’t approved, the company could have ended up in a Special Administration Regime (SAR), a process designed to keep essential utilities running.

Issues Raised During Legal Fights  

Valuation Disputes

Valuation was the crux of the fight. Thames Water said its enterprise value was around £16.6 billion, but the creditors opposing the plan argued for a higher valuation, adding nearly £7 billion to that figure – which would see them recover at par whether their plan was adopted or the company was put into a SAR.  

• ‍The debate boiled down to assumptions on inflation, the weighted average cost of capital (WACC), and cash flow projections. The court ultimately sided with Thames Water’s advisors, saying their valuation reflected market realities more closely.

The “No Worse Off” Test

The court had to determine whether opposing creditors were “no worse off” under the plan compared to potential alternatives. Justice Leech decided the plan satisfied this, allowing for the use of a cross-class cram-down. Essentially, creditors were bound to the decision even if they didn’t all agree.

Notably, the court did not find the Class B creditors' argument that their plan should be considered as the relevant alternative given the low likelihood of implementation – instead, the judge determined that a SAR should be deemed the relevant alternative.

• ‍The judge noted in particular that the Class B’s assertion that they had a “binding and fully underwritten offer” in place proved untrue due to conditions precedent requiring, among other things, that the Class A’s waive £52.5 million in backstop fees – which the judge noted they were unlikely to do.

Public Interest Concerns

Public interest was another big theme. An MP intervened on behalf of customers and environmental groups, highlighting widespread distrust in Thames Water’s management and worry over its environmental obligations.

• ‍Despite these concerns, the court’s hands were tied—it focused on the restructuring’s financial aspects, not the company’s long-standing operational failings.

What Happens Now?

The approved plan provides £3 billion in funding that gives Thames Water runway to secure an equity offering and conduct further financial engineering in UK RP 2. But serious challenges remain:  

• We will witness an appeals process certain to shed more light on topics like the “no worse off test”, horizontal fairness, public interest issues and more.
• The company needs billions more to invest in infrastructure, reduce leaks, and meet environmental responsibilities.  
• Negative free cash flow and heavy debt will continue to weigh on operations.
• Public trust has to be rebuilt as customers still bear the brunt of rising costs and poor service.  

Glenn pointed out that this case shows how utility companies with high leverage might struggle to navigate today’s tougher financial and regulatory environments. Sabrina highlighted the importance of understanding the relatively new UK restructuring regimes and the vast amount of information that will be taken into account in these processes – and the importance of understanding what’s in your docs.  

Final Thoughts  

For anyone watching the utility sector or working in restructuring, this decision is packed with valuable guidance. It shows the importance of balancing financial realities with public interest and the difficulty of navigating valuation disputes.

Glenn and Sabrina provided an engaging breakdown of the case’s legal, financial, and public policy challenges. They didn’t just focus on the technicalities—they tied everything back to the big picture of what this means for the future of distressed investing and public utilities.  

You can learn more about these topics and get deeper insights at Fox Legal Training.